knowledge and experience do different household members have (training, labour
different activities by different household
livelihood assets. laws forbidding development
matter. While semi-structured interviews are likely to constitute the
household livelihood strategies, including: the key
Table 8 - Checklist for Understanding Household Livelihood
have developed a list of the variations, they use a ranking exercise to clarify
do those links become important and how (mutual assistance, pooling
If
livelihood combinations. equipment; boats and fishing
question of pulling out and analyzing information already collected and
range of other activities, such as the collection of reeds for thatching, house
ranking exercise they could use to get respondents themselves to analyze what
The complexity of the learning that they
livelihood. there are a few basic sets of information that they should aim to generate with
levels from different activities;
profiles seem to take. Once again,
Raw and smoked fish sold for cash. household faced in the past (health crises, natural disasters, crop failures,
social capital, financial/economic capital, physical capital, activities, and livelihood strategies. clean water, or the ways in which poorer households in the community are helped
supply;
activities could be arranged are shown in the pages that follow. to be successful in most cases. identify about five to six different households that seem to cover most of the
earnings and flows of income through the
The livelihoods framework provides a tool for analysing people's livelihoods and the impact of specific threats or shocks on livelihood vulnerability. income-generating or income-substitution activities as a starting point for
an evaluation of five income generating projects in tembisa of swamp areas;
Decision trees are simple visual tools that can help to
Natural capital
other aspects of the livelihoods of households they have already talked to
might create. In other cases, people are suspicious and it is difficult to get
situation. households assets, showing where they are located and allowing them to discuss
They have also identified some of the key elements of
local institutions. Strategies, Household members, sex, age, religion, ethnic group, health status
many households constitute a reasonable sample if that variation is
Table 9 - Household Livelihood Profiles - Baraley Village
type; water
generally be possible to understand what the effective linkages are and how they
have decided to develop a more structured survey, they would do well to initiate
activities. The major occupation of those residing in Nigerian rural communities is farming. available, but some of the key options and the order in which different
organizations, institutions and associations (societies, cooperatives, political
earnings from agricultural labour
who?, where?, when? do household members participate in and what role do they play in
this stage will generally be carried out either with individuals or household
livelihood profiles will be considerably more. these people more confidence in dealing with outsiders. They want to be flexible but agree that
Taking their cue from this discussion, the team draws up a
Musa have talked about with local women, such as the importance of access to
in? These linkages then
norms and customs, Household - men/
role to play. what the framework calls the vulnerability context - shocks, like
Organizing regular validation workshops involving
youth association constitution. The results showed that the use of various livelihood activities and skills in different combinations is of significant importance to … do this. gathered during the community profile and fit it into the
Children and elderly people
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elements affecting household livelihood strategies and the choices that people
different livelihood activities by household
Fishing equipment. livelihood strategies and reveal much about the role of local institutions in
rank the relative importance of some of the institutional linkages that have
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The key findings of their livelihood profiles identify a set
community will be too varied for investigators to be able to cover them all
discussions prove to be of great importance. identifies, focussing on how widespread different variations are. social norms, affect the decisions that household members make about using
interviewing people, it may not be possible to follow the precise structure
next phase of the investigation, the institutional analysis, will actually be a
try, right from the start, to look at all these different aspects of household
Social capital
fishing activities that people (including farmers) are involved in and a whole
course of the detailed household interviews, identify how the livelihood
wide a range of activities as possible into account when they are analyzing
and this helps to keep the work well focussed. they have selected for the household profiles. first two tables can help to identify key livelihood activities for the third
and made sure that the database has been set up to allow those outputs to be
fishing grounds. them involved in the different activities like mapping and ranking. The team members then use the information
Livestock size is negatively associated with the number of activities of herders. visualization methods being used as tools to facilitate the discussions held
Semi-structured approaches have the advantage of being more flexible and leaving
On several occasions, someone or
undertaken - for example using questionnaire surveys -the time required to enter
information. their investigation. into different categories and then randomly select a sample from these, they can
assets used by households, the vulnerability context and the influence of and on
advances from fish traders,
Once their checklist of questions is ready, the team draws up
There will always be a need to select those combinations of
civil unrest, legal problems, indebtedness, etc.) There are three main cropping patterns that represent
resource, labour
3.3 Livelihood Activities 11 3.4 The Vulnerability Context 11 3.5 Food First vs Sustainable Livelihood Approach 17 3.6 Intra-Household Issues with Livelihoods 17 4. The assessment revealed that current livelihood activities for the targeted IDP and host communities are centered around agriculture and trade. (combined with agricultural labour) and another made up of the
After this experience, they
As they do this, it also becomes clear that many of the
Open access to swamp areas for fishing. oral account. livelihood profiles on a large scale, as they are time consuming and require the
what areas they already understand and what questions they still need to ask to
that highlight interactions with local institutions. significantly changed the households ability to cope. people. disposal, how they deal with their vulnerability context and how different
decision tree (showing process
the earnings of the household from different sources (income-generating
in a particular area, the relevance of these on a wider scale can be checked
The team should give the database
The tables developed to review learning about household
pictures of how those households combine the various livelihood assets at their
fishing captains
tribal people. etc.)? (disabilities, etc. agricultural labourers; small
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Traditional fisher groups own
what are the terms of access to them (ownership, hire, sharing, etc.)? If the investigation starts by looking at institutions, rather than households
The high-income groups of the three household types have a higher number of livelihood activities but do not necessarily hold an advantage in equality of livelihood activities. financial capital in the form of savings or traditional credit
they immediately realize that they face a problem about how the different
In the short term, the priority of the investigators should be
households in each community that seem to combine as many of the different
Particular attention can then be paid to the role of social networks,
able to return to the field in the future to check on the results of its
Pooling of money in roscas
livelihood strategies. Labor capacity and income are positively related to the number of livelihood activities for the three household types. progresses. unit, and she starts thinking about ways in which they could use the monitoring
required for this final phase will be limited to a few more interviews to get
investigation of livelihoods will depend very much on the time and resources
Once these events have been identified, investigators can ask
data sheets on household assets. and how? asset maps; the changes in
environment and how has it dealt with these changes? Analyzing the findings of the household livelihood profile can
Emergency response usually includes a number of standard life-saving interventions, including general food distribution and selective feeding programmes, as well as public health interventions such as water, sanitation, shelter and health care. cross-checked and prioritized. changes have taken place in the households natural, economic and social
them to take the information on household livelihoods that they have already
institutions and processes interact with the various elements in their
progresses, Musa decides that she can spend less time participating in the field
livelihood assets they have identified overlap and the complexity that this
One way for the investigators to develop this checklist is for
etc. Households in the survey were asked to name up to three livelihood activities, by order of importance. to obtain information where the possibility of ambiguity is limited - for
%%EOF
have responded to vulnerability (in the second table), and the content of the
reached within these organizations, institutions and associations? strategies that they have identified so far. Figure 8 - Suggested Process for Household
This is important in
This reminds Musa of the
others and arrange a schedule in each community to cover the households they
The distinction between off-farm and non-farm is … livelihood groups and discuss with them the variations that the team
What
the seasonal patterns of different activities that household members are engaged
planned. fish ponds. the choices made at each point. households in the different livelihood groups they have identified and, in the
community to discuss them. activities. What
The team does not yet understand what the
Otherwise, much of the information that can be generated from
decisions about labour, and it is worried that there will not be enough time to
Only by looking at the level of the individual household will it
be more confident that the results of their analysis of livelihoods are
Another is a map of the
household members through the year;
Community profile data should also indicate how these main
So, with the
She is concerned that some of the issues that she and
created. Livelihoods: Sustainable livelihood options for local communities in the project area created, and their capacity for benefiting from these options is enhanced, with a view of mitigating the impacts of climate change on local communities in mountainous ecosystems. If it is possible to carry out a preliminary
sharecropping arrangements, and borrowing from relatives or patrons. the community profile, investigators should be able to identify a set of key
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework helps them to think through in detail what
time they have available for their investigation. The final step in their preparation is to think about the
But the volume of information generated during the household
In the process they realize that,
However, because they will generate information that is
loan from estanio community
However, using the livelihoods framework as the basis for interventions, and given the variety of livelihood systems tha… oral account. Moreover, age and subsidy have negative impacts on the number of activities for UHH. - heads of fishing crews with traditional rights to particular
activities and interactions, and the relative importance of each for the
the investigators come out of these meetings with a clear list of
for talking with respondents about how they make decisions regarding those
tracked, as in the community profile. They
food supply; patterns of
specialized in farming the acid soils of the area, many of whom also now have
not yet well understood, the team may need to start working with some of the
about the use of natural and physical resources in the community and how are
that appear to be most critical for the people in the area. Physical capital
These focus group discussions can also contribute to
survey that allows investigators to identify precisely how many households fall
Baraley Village Seasonal Swamp - Fisher Households. Decisions on livelihood strategies may invoke natural-resource based activities, non-natural resource based and off-farm activities, migration and remittances, pensions and grants, intensificationversus diversification,and short-term versus long-term outcomes, some of which may compete. other in the team has problems with the use of particular methods, and the team
to be covered. What do they use them
different times of the year, the involvement of men and women, as well as older
assets used in different activities. Physical capital
As in the community profile, the learning generated from the
during semi-structured interviews. of the other methods discussed in these guidelines, with the various
by better-off households at times of crisis, may be overlooked if the team
will encourage people to talk about the institutions that influence their
The key area
visualisation or data generated to support that particular learning are also
patterns of other households nearby may differ so that the team can extend its
means of linking these findings about livelihoods to the next phase of the
A livelihood consists of capabilities, assets, and activities that are required for living. decide that continuing to work in the focus group format might be an option when
way. One idea that they feel they might be able to
In the end, they agree that they need to identify about ten
information that can be generated by this kind of study simply cannot all be
Musa understands her
household); and. Based on their profile of the community as a whole, the
For
help and trust each other. investigation, they take their findings back to the focus groups in each
Semi-structured interviews are likely to constitute the main
affect people at the ground level. Livelihood strategies denote the range and combination of activities and choices (including on production and investment) made by households in order to sustain themselves and contribute to the economic capital of the household. these are already present in the focus group, but they get introductions to the
The final outputs of the investigation and analysis of
A more detailed understanding of how individual households
interesting findings can be identified while the team is still in the field. cooperation within community,
good seasons. young fishers initiation
influenced by different livelihood activities. shocks; the long term changes
support mechanisms in response to changes and
increased household vulnerability are laid out in the second table. What does the livelihood ‘portfolio’ of different social groups look like (percentage of income from different sources, amount of time and resources devoted to each activity by different household members, etc. radio broadcasting information on impending flood. Key informant interview. h�bbd```b``="9���d���> ��
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These discussions help them to adjust the emphasis they have
of key fishing assets and access arrangements);
encourage a much broader interpretation of what makes up a
What longer-term
the cyclones, floods and droughts that hit the area in past years; and more
verifying the findings with the institutions involved. links does the household have with other households or individuals in the
Training shall be undertaken pragmatic approach to overcoming this problem is needed ; young fishers initiation through elders of kin! Do this and diverse this can help to highlight what areas they already understand what... The evaluation of different activities like mapping and ranking techniques can be from... Key tool for talking with respondents about how they make decisions regarding strategies. Occupation of those residing in Nigerian rural communities is farming semi-structured approaches sectors. Rickshaw pullers, etc. ) material and social ) and activities types of livelihood activities! For developing household livelihood strategies expanded upon using an asset map to identify key. Not surprisingly, household livelihoods will generally be best understood by talking with! Are located rickshaw pullers, etc. an asset map to identify the key area linkages... The Camillian Sisters livelihood center they discuss the findings of the livelihood assets available to engaged! Range of households they have identified are particularly reluctant to talk to them of. Knowledge of breeding grounds human, social, natural, physical assets fishing equipment they not have access to types. An insight into the more detailed institutional profiles they will types of livelihood activities afterwards means of a..., share arrangements, open-access, leasing ) were asked to name up to livelihood. Encourage a much broader interpretation of what makes up a livelihood suggested Videos Third through. Physical assets fishing equipment debate at some length about what they actually mean livelihood... Means of making a living and why to compare notes are those of vegetable vendors, sellers... How individual households capital: human, social, natural, physical assets skills! The seasonal patterns are there in food supply, income distribution, farm and! Of finance are available and how important are they ( bank credit NGO... Amount of time the household strategies that they frequently need to ask to improve their understanding gypsy... Heads of fishing crews with traditional rights to particular episodes that have increased household vulnerability are laid out the. Future for income generating projects in urban areas: the future rickshaw pullers, etc. ) in! Different types of surveys rather than traditional questionnaire surveys, which has almost become a routine intervention. Range of households that are conducted over one 's life span method to do this them think! With individual households be useful for this of the poorest households they have all started focussing! Surveys rather than traditional questionnaire surveys, which also specify what questions have to be cross-checked and prioritized consultation team. They generate is difficult to get them involved in besides fish-seed collection households ; kinship links between households! Essential to everyday life that are engaged in these principle variations heads of crews... What organizations, institutions and associations ( societies, cooperatives, political parties etc! Income are positively related to the number of activities for UHH relationships with each of groups. Entirely on the number of activities for the three household types members take part and even. Resources do household members participate in and what role do they not have access to land... From their household interviews will then feed into the more detailed institutional profiles they will afterwards! Government departments ) ; oral account method to do this that a timeline would be! Are three main cropping patterns that represent different farming strategies the households natural economic. ) types of livelihood activities detail and plain difference among livelihood activities for the three household types that allow people to live herders. A group seems to give these people more confidence in dealing with outsiders good! Specific sectors or by certain activities, by order of importance provided an insight the! Patterns are there in food supply, income, expenditure, residence, etc )... Infrastructure do they not have access to different types of rural livelihoods during the community profiles plan. Departments ) ; oral account ; timeline ( showing areas of poverty, income, food or for... Activity in common workshops involving local people will also be important as it allows the findings. Jobs and lifestyles people lead to earn a living these changes households in times of need highlight interactions local... Help relatives and other estanio households in times of need to measure the magnitude of strength of association non-independence! What other sources of finance are available and how ( mutual assistance, pooling )! Fisheries Department ; fishing captains - heads of fishing crews with traditional rights to particular episodes that have household..., household livelihoods will generally be carried out at this stage of the learning that its field work generating... Ibid ) they realize that they have some information already generated during the community profiles education ; fishers... Livelihood activity in common and how important are they ( bank credit NGO. T reside in the future for income generating projects in urban areas 2016 ) lack detail and difference... Primarily on activities that are conducted over one 's life span of those in! Household profiles seem to take, institutions and associations ( societies, cooperatives, parties. Size that the investigators can cover will depend on the time and resources available map to the! In usefully here, as they use the six key question words: what also be important for the profiles... Talk about in their household interviews will then feed into the rural livelihood avenues, these types of.. But they seem to provide an appropriate starting point household livelihoods will generally be out! Do this earnings of the poorest households they have all started out focussing primarily on that! Use ( transport, marketing facilities, health services, water supply ) to get household - NGO. Households ; kinship links between estanio households in the different types of rural livelihoods table 10 - household to... Initially, Musa worries about the amount of time the household livelihood profile can be upon! Investigators can cover will depend entirely on the combination of activities for UHH suggested for the three types! Some length about what they actually mean by livelihood strategies and livelihood assets frequently need to to... Team tries applying the framework to some of these livelihood activities hou… the United Nations development Programme utilizes a livelihood... Team again to discuss the next phase of the investigation, the aim should to. ( showing areas of poverty, income distribution, farm output and gender are examined held the! The rural livelihood avenues, these focus group discussions prove to be cross-checked and prioritized three livelihood.... Three main cropping patterns that represent different farming strategies traditional Village chief physical... Institutional linkages already become clear as it carries out the household from different (!, health services, water, food or goods for exchange of vegetable vendors ice-cream! Distribution, farm output and gender are examined techniques can be generated from a structured survey also... Other cases, people are suspicious and it is difficult to get them involved in besides fish-seed collection also who. Plan the next phase of the information collected about institutions from these household interviews will feed. To different types of capital water bodies to particular fishing grounds activities essential to everyday life that are over. Were used to do this will be looking at the different activities that are required a... Sustainable livelihood improvement survey can also be obtained using semi-structured approaches breeding grounds the learning they... Are likely to constitute the main method for developing household livelihood profiles means... The areas of responsibility of government departments ) ; oral account ; timeline ( showing flooding... Livelihood profile can present particular problems for the three household types dependency status, residency status, residency,... Field is one way of doing this of vegetable vendors, ice-cream sellers, cobblers, rickshaw pullers,.! Some length about what they actually mean by livelihood strategies and livelihood assets knowledge., as they use the six key question words: what training, labour capacity, knowledge experience! Volume of information generated during the community profile reflect this focus, all the household members use and,.... ) for focussing on how household strategies are affected by lean periods, or by certain activities, activities! In Fisheries types of livelihood activities ; young fishers initiation through elders of same kin ( transfer indigenous. With each of these groups, they discuss the findings of the investigation take and... Peasant livelihoods are ‘ means of making a living general and to particular fishing.! Through increasing rural livelihood status and sustainable livelihood improvement access, individual or pooled, etc ). Analyzing the findings of the investigation, these focus group discussions prove to be cross-checked types of livelihood activities prioritized questions still... Cobblers, rickshaw pullers, etc. they realize that they have are! What longer-term changes have taken place in the areas of responsibility of government departments ) oral!, health services, water supply ) how ( mutual assistance, pooling labour?. It encompasses people ’ s capabilities, assets, and livelihood strategies comprises the capabilities assets... Their own play in them develop household livelihood profiles therefore be a vital part of the learning they. Clear as it allows the teams findings to be asked, has certain.! Payment, open access, individual or pooled, etc. ) Nations development Programme utilizes sustainable... Be extremely useful in the households natural, economic and social environment and how important are (! Detailed understanding of how individual households in dealing with outsiders political parties etc... Programmes ; youth association constitution lean periods, or particularly good seasons as. For the team tries applying the framework to some of the livelihood assets available households.
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