This scheme permits the physical address space of a process to be non – contiguous. CMPSCI 377 Operating Systems Spring 2010 Lecture 16: March 23 Lecturer: Prashant Shenoy TA: Vimal Mathew & Tim Wood 16.1 Demand Paging Demand paging is way of using virtual memory to give processes the illusion of infinite available memory. The Demand Paging is also same with the Simple Paging.
OS generates an exception called page fault Finds the location of the page on the swap space Allocates a physical frame Copies the contents of the page from the swap space into the physical frame Restarts the faulting instruction Demand Paging: Performance Overhead Overhead of page fault: Servicing the page fault interrupt
In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only if an attempt is made to access it (i.e., if a page fault occurs). Example. The OS must keep track of the size and identity of each working set and makes sure jobs for processing do not exceed available memory. 6 PAGING: INTRODUCTION ASIDE: DATA STRUCTURE — THE PAGE TABLE One of the most important data structures in the memory management subsystem of a modern OS is the page table.In general, a page table stores virtual-to-physical address translations, thus letting the system know where each page of an address space actually resides in physical Can’t afford to keep the entire page table for a process in physical memory. Virtual Memory: Demand Paging and Page Replacement Problems that remain to be solved: • Even with 8K page size, number of pages /process is very large. Virtual Memory and Demand Paging Virtual Memory Illustrated text idatadata wdata header symbol table, etc. 15 Demand Paging, Thrashing, Working Sets Readings for this topic: Siberschatz/Galvin, chapter 9 So far we have separated the programmer’s view of memory from the system’s view using a mapping mechanism. In this article we will try to touch base on virtual memory and demand paging as these are some of the important concepts related to memory management. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system stores copies of pages in both disk and memory, and only copies a disk page into … When we specify a Process for the Execution then the Processes is stored firstly on the Secondary Memory which is also known as the Hard Disk. Paging in Operating System Paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory. –Each time one page is brought in, another page, whose contents will soon be referenced, is thrown out. This makes it easier for the OS to shuffle users around and simplifies memory sharing between users. Page Number; Offset; Memory management unit of OS needs to convert the page number to the frame number. CMPSCI 377 Operating Systems Fall 2008 Lecture 17: November 4 Lecturer: Prashant Shenoy Scribe: Shashi Singh 17.1 Demand Paging Demand paging is an application of virtual memory. Considering the above image, let's say that the CPU demands 10th word of 4th page of process P3. WIA2004 (3) 34 Advantages of Demand Paging It introduced the concept of virtual memory, and hence, jobs are no longer Solve company interview questions and improve your coding intellect
Virtual Memory .
Some OSs use a variable working set size and increases/decreases it as necessary. Is main memory always enough? Memory Management Management of alimited resource: (Memory hunger of applications increases with capacity!)) • Are all pages of all active processes always in main memory? 2 Performance of Demand Paging Page Fault Rate (p)0 < p < 1.0 (no page faults to every ref is a fault) Effective Access Time = (1-p) (memory access) + p (page fault overhead)F Page FaultOverhead = (swap page out) + swap page in + restart Performance Example F memory access time = 100 nanoseconds F Page fault overhead = 25 msec F page fault rate = 1/1000 F EAT = (1-p) * 100 + p * (25 msec) Lecture 13: Thrashing.
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